Funding History

Collaborators / Institutions: Yadidya Badarvada and Alan Wallcraft of FSU, and Bryant Loomis, Kenneth Rachlin, and Richard Ray of NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.

This project focuses on the variability of barotropic and baroclinic tides, on seasonal and longer time scales. We will use satellite altimetry, modeling, and satellite laser ranging to achieve our goals.

Collaborators / Institutions: Eric Chassignet, Alexandra Bozec, Yadidya Badarvada, Keshav Raja, Alan Wallcraft, and Xiaobiao Xu of FSU, Jay Shriver of NRL, Maarten Buijsman and Gregg Jacobs of USM.

Project goal is to improve data assimilation in operational models that have both balanced eddying motions and internal wave motions. Project will also develop a 1/50th degree simulation of HYCOM. Related projects are led by Amy Waterhouse (Scripps Institution of Oceanography) and Maarten Buijsman (University of Southern Mississippi). All of these grants fall under a multi-agency National Oceanographic Partnership Program (NOPP) call.

Collaborators / Institutions: Maarten Buijsman of USM, Sam Kelly of the University of Minnesota, Jie Yu of NRL.

Project goal is to test the accuracy of remotely generated internal tides and gravity waves, including higher harmonics, in operational global HYCOM against arrays of in-situ observations. Related projects are led by Amy Waterhouse (Scripps Institution of Oceanography) and Eric Chassignet (Florida State University). All of these grants fall under a multi-agency National Oceanographic Partnership Program (NOPP) call.

Collaborators / Institutions: This is a multi-institution project led by Amala Mahadevan of Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Edem Mahu of the University of Ghana, and Melissa Omand of the University of Rhode Island. Many other institutions are involved.

This subcontact from Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution is for organizing the Coastal Ocean Environment Summer School In Nigeria and Ghana (COESSING; https://coessing.org), which from 2025-2028 will serve as a networking/meeting event for the larger OMI project. The OMI project is a ~9M USD project, led by WHOI, University of Rhode Island and University of Ghana, to perform biogeochemistry research in the Gulf of Guinea. The Michigan budget is small relative to the size of the project, but I played a key role in bringing the US and Ghana PIs together.

Collaborators / Institutions: Collaborators / Institutions: Yadidya Badarvada of U-Michigan, Jay Shriver of NRL, Maarten Buijsman of USM, Eric Chassignet, Takaya Uchida, and Xiaobiao Xu of FSU, and Edward Zaron of Oregon State University.

Lead PI on award to University of Michigan, University of Southern Mississippi (USM), Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), Florida State University (FSU), and Oregon State University.   SWOT stands for “Surface Water Ocean Topography”. It is a joint NASA/French space agency wide-swath satellite altimeter mission, launched in December 2022. Project goal is to use high-resolution global and regional models to study various processes of interest for the SWOT mission, including geostrophic flows and geostrophic energy cascades, stationary and non-stationary internal tides, and solitons.

Collaborators / Institutions: Dale Boggs, Dimitris Menemenlis, Jim Williams, and Hong Zhang (NASA JPL), Richard Ray (NASA Goddard), and Michael Schindelegger (University of Bonn).

Purpose of grant is to examine changes in the lunar orbit due to changes in ocean tides on Earth.

Collaborators / Institutions: Kurt Polzin and Joseph Skitka (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), Maarten Buijsman (University of Southern Mississippi), Dimitris Menemenlis (NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory), Roy Barkan (Tel Aviv University), and W. Richard Peltier (University of Toronto).

Purpose of grant is to probe wave-wave and wave-eddy interactions as well as internal wave dissipation in high-resolution regional models, and apply the lessons learned to better understand and map internal wave dissipation in high-resolution global models.

Collaborators / Institutions: Maarten Buijsman of USM and Jay Shriver of NRL

Project goal is to test the accuracy of remotely generated internal tides and gravity waves in operational global HYCOM against arrays of in-situ observations. Related projects, that Arbic is involved in as an unpaid collaborator, are led by Amy Waterhouse (Scripps Institution of Oceanography), Eric Chassignet (Florida State University), and Edward Zaron (Oregon State University). All of these grants fall under a multi-agency National Oceanographic Partnership Program (NOPP) call.

Collaborators / Institutions: University of Ghana, University of Lagos, Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research (NIOMR).  

This grant will fund the Coastal Ocean Environment Summer School, which we have been running for one week every summer since 2015.  In 2022, the school will be held in Nigeria, with partial support from this grant and partial support from NSF grant OCE-1851164.  In 2023 and 2024, the school will be fully supported by this ONR grant and will likely alternate between Ghana (2023) and Nigeria (2024).  A list of the Nigerian and Ghanaian organizers, a list of the many instructors from the US, Nigeria, and Ghana, and other information about the school, can be found on the school website (https://coessing.org).

Collaborators / Institutions: Hans Ngodock and Jay Shriver of NRL, Maarten Buijsman of USM, Innocent Souopgui of UNO, Eric Chassignet, Jim Richman, and Xiaobiao Xu of FSU, and Tom Haine of JHU.

Lead PI on award to University of Michigan, University of Southern Mississippi (USM), Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), University of New Orleans (UNO), Johns Hopkins University (JHU), and Florida State University (FSU).   SWOT stands for “Surface Water Ocean Topography”. It is a joint NASA/French space agency wide-swath satellite altimeter mission, with a planned launch in 2022. Project goal is to model the stationary and non-stationary internal tides on a global scale in a model that assimilates nadir and SWOT altimeter data.

Collaborators / Institutions: Subcontract is part of a large project led by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), that includes Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), another DOE lab, and multiple academic institutions.  LANL collaborators include Drs. Phillip Wolfram, Andrew Roberts, and Nairita Pal. Lead project PI is Dr. Ian Kraucunas of PNNL.  Dates include one-year no-cost extension.

Purpose of project is to predict flooding and other hazards for the US east coast over the next several decades.  Our role is to help implement and validate tides in the DOE ocean model.

Collaborators / Institutions: Project is made up of related grants at ARiA, Applied Ocean Sciences, Naval Research Laboratory, University of Southern Mississippi, and Florida State University. Project lead is Jason Summers of ARiA.

Purpose of project is to determine impacts of internal tides and gravity waves on basin-scale ocean acoustics.

Collaborators / Institutions: Roy Barkan (project lead) and Jim McWilliams (UCLA),  Maarten Buijsman (University of Southern Mississippi), Jay Shriver (NRL), and Jim Richman (Florida State University).  Dates include one-year no-cost extension.

Purpose of grant is to investigate internal wave spectrum and internal wave-eddy interactions in coupled HYCOM-ROMS simulations of the California Current system.

Collaborators / Institutions: Maarten Buijsman (University of Southern Mississippi--project lead), Jay Shriver (Naval Research Laboratory), and James Richman (Florida State University).  Dates include one-year no-cost extension.

Sole PI on ONR grant to University of Michigan.  Related grant sent to collaborators above.  Purpose is to investigate near-inertial waves in HYCOM.

Collaborators / Institutions: Sole PI on ONR grant.

The purpose of this grant is to connect results from global HYCOM simulations with in-line inserted topographic wave drag, to the FLEAT field program.

Collaborators / Institutions: Lead PI on NASA grant.  Collaborators are Hans Ngodock and Jay Shriver of NRL, Maarten Buijsman and Innocent Souopgui of the University of Southern Mississippi, Jim Richman of FSU, and Dimitris Menemenlis of NASA JPL.  Dates include one-year no-cost extension.

This grant will support our work in mapping the global sea surface height signatures of stationary internal tides, non-stationary internal tides, and the supertidal internal gravity wave continuum.  We hypothesize that our HYCOM simulations with simultaneous data assimilation acting on mesoscale eddies and an Augmented State Ensemble Kalman Filter (ASEnKF) will have some degree of skill in predicting the non-stationary internal tide signal.

Collaborators / Institutions: Hans Ngodock, Jim Richman, and Jay Shriver of NRL, Maarten Buijsman of USM, Eric Chassignet and Xiabiao Xu of FSU, Matthew Alford of Scripps, and James Girton and Zhongxiang Zhao of University of Washington Applied Physics Laboratory.

Lead PI on award to University of Michigan, University of Southern Mississipi (USM), Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), Florida State University (FSU). Collaborators are Hans Ngodock, Jim Richman, and Jay Shriver of NRL, Maarten Buijsman of USM, Eric Chassignet and Xiabiao Xu of FSU, Matthew Alford of Scripps, and James Girton and Zhongxiang Zhao of University of Washington Applied Physics Laboratory. SWOT stands for “Surface Water Ocean Topography”. It is a joint NASA/French space agency wide-swath satellite altimeter mission, with a planned launch in 2020. Project goal is to model the impact of internal tides and internal gravity waves for SWOT mission planning.

Collaborators / Institutions: Maarten Buijsman (USM; lead PI), and Jim Richman, Jay Shriver, and Alan Wallcraft of Naval Research Laboratory (NRL)

Collaborators are Maarten Buijsman (USM; lead PI), and Jim Richman, Jay Shriver, and Alan Wallcraft of Naval Research Laboratory (NRL).  Project goal is to implement two-way nesting within HYCOM and to test whether high resolution of regions with strong resonant coastal tides improves the global tides within HYCOM.

Collaborators / Institutions: Steve Griffies of NOAA GFDL, Thierry Penduff of LGGE-MEOM, Bill Dewar of Florida State University, Andrew Hogg of Australian National University, and Jeff Blundell of National Oceanography Centre Southampton

Sole PI on CAREER award to University of Michigan, 6/1/2014-5/31/2019.  Dates include one-year no-cost extension.  Collaborators are Steve Griffies of NOAA GFDL, Thierry Penduff of LGGE-MEOM, Bill Dewar of Florida State University, Andrew Hogg of Australian National University, and Jeff Blundell of National Oceanography Centre Southampton.  Project goal is to utilize frequency spectra diagnostics, in conjunction with other techniques, to quantify the relative importance of forcing versus intrinsic nonlinear processes in the maintenance of low-frequency variability in coupled ocean-atmospheric climate models.  Both realistic GFDL simulations, and idealized quasi-geostrophic simulations, will be analyzed for the project.

Collaborators / Institutions: Jim Richman and Jay Shriver at Naval Research Laboratory, Stennis Space Center

Lead-PI on award to University of Michigan, 1/9/2013-1/8/2016.  Collaborators are Jim Richman and Jay Shriver at Naval Research Laboratory, Stennis Space Center.  Project goal is to utilize high-resolution simulations with embedded tides to help in planning for SWOT wide-swath satellite altimeter mission.

Collaborators / Institutions: Eric Chassignet of FSU, Maarten Buijsman, Joe Metzger, Jim Richman, Jay Shriver, and Alan Wallcraft at Naval Research Laboratory

Lead-PI on award to University of Michigan, 5/1/2011-4/30/2015.  Key collaborators include Eric Chassignet of FSU and several scientists (including Maarten Buijsman, Joe Metzger, Jim Richman, Jay Shriver, and Alan Wallcraft) at Naval Research Laboratory, Stennis Space Center.  Project goal is to continue insertion and validation of barotropic and baroclnic tides in high-resolution wind-driven HYCOM model used for Navy ocean forecasting purposes.

Collaborators / Institutions: Jennifer MacKinnon (Scripps/UCSD)

Co-PI on multiple-institution project led by Jennifer MacKinnon (Scripps/UCSD), 6/1/2010-5/31/2016.  Dates include two-year creativity extension for entire project, and one-year no-cost extension at U-Michigan.  Project goal is to develop improved parameterizations of internal-wave driven mixing, implement such parameterizations in global high-resolution models, and implement resulting three-dimensional maps of internal wave driven energy dissipation and mixing into global ocean climate models.  U-Michigan part will focus on middle step; simulations of global internal wave field (especially internal tides) at highest resolutions possible, utilizing parameterizations to be developed by others, and yielding three-dimensional maps of energy dissipation due to internal waves.

Collaborators / Institutions: Eric Chassignet (FSU), Glenn Flierl (MIT), Steve Garner (GFDL), Steve Jayne (WHOI), Joe LaCasce (University of Oslo), Mat Maltrud (LANL), Rob Scott (UTexas)

Lead-PI on multiple-institution project, 6/1/2010-5/31/2015.  Dates include one-year no-cost extension.  Grant later supplemented by two REU (Research Experiences for Undergraduates) awards.  Project goal is to examine impact of quadratic bottom boundary layer drag and topographic wave drag on the dynamics and energy budgets of the eddying general (low-frequency) oceanic circulation.  Both realistic high resolution global models (such as HYCOM and POP), and more idealized models, will be utilized.  Collaborators include Eric Chassignet (FSU), Glenn Flierl (MIT), Steve Garner (GFDL), Steve Jayne (WHOI), Joe LaCasce (University of Oslo), Mat Maltrud (LANL), Rob Scott (UTexas).

Collaborators / Institutions: John Goff (U-Texas), Patrick Timko, Walter Smith, Karen Marks

Co-PI on project led by John Goff (U-Texas).  Three-year award starting March 23, 2007.  Remaining funds transferred to Florida State University and expended there.  Other collaborators: Patrick Timko, Walter Smith, Karen Marks.  This project is a collaboration between marine geophysicists and physical oceanographers.  The internal wave field, which is responsible for much of the mixing that occurs in the ocean, is generated in part by tidal and geostrophic flows over rough topography.  Horizontal scales as small as a few kilometers are important in this wave generation process, yet are not resolved in global topographic datasets.  Here we take advantage of the knowledge geophysicists have of the seafloor, to generate a synthetic bottom roughness which is correct in a statistical sense, and which contains adequate variance at small horizontal scales.  We will test whether this augmented roughness increases the internal wave generation in global models.

Collaborators / Institutions: Samar Khatiwala of Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (Columbia University), Patrick Cummins, Chris Garrett, Richard Karsten, Malte Muller, Pierre St-Laurent, Graig Sutherland, Doug MacAyeal, Glenn Milne, Jerry Mitrovica

Co-PI with Samar Khatiwala of Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (Columbia University) on three-year award from National Science Foundation, starting October 1, 2006.  Remaining funds transferred to Florida State University and expended there.  Grant later supplemented by an REU (Research Experiences for Undergraduates) award.  Other collaborators: Patrick Cummins, Chris Garrett, Richard Karsten, Malte Muller, Pierre St-Laurent, Graig Sutherland, Doug MacAyeal, Glenn Milne, Jerry Mitrovica.  In this project we have used both analytical and numerical models to understand how factors such as the wavelength and frequency of the tidal astronomical forcing, and the depths and length scales of the open and coastal oceans, affect tidal resonance.  Of particular interest is the coupling between shelf and open-ocean tides. We find in both our analytical and numerical models that removal of relatively small shelf regions can have a substantial and far-reaching effect on the open-ocean tide.  This is relevant for understanding how the tides are impacted by changes in sea level.  For instance, during the ice ages, sea level was much lower, and the area of continental shelves was consequently much reduced.  We have found that the modeled tides during the ice age were quite different from what they are today.  In particular, the tides in the ice-age Labrador Sea were much larger.  This in turn has consequences for understanding Heinrich events, the large iceberg discharges that took place during the ice ages.  Heinrich events originated primarily in the Labrador Sea, and we have hypothesized that the large modeled tides in the Labrador Sea may have played a role in the dynamics of these events.  The hypothesis is motivated in part by the very substantial impacts of tides on ice streams and floating ice shelves that have been observed in present-day Antarctica.

Collaborators / Institutions: Harley Hurlburt, Joseph Metzger, and Alan Wallcraft of Naval Research Laboratory, Patrick Timko and Eric Chassignet of Florida State University

Sole PI on contract from Naval Research Laboratory, starting September 1, 2006.  Remaining funds transferred to Florida State University and expended there.  Collaborators: Harley Hurlburt, Joseph Metzger, and Alan Wallcraft of Naval Research Laboratory, Patrick Timko and Eric Chassignet of Florida State University.  Contract research laid groundwork for 2011 Office of Naval Research grant to U-Michigan as well as related $2.1M and $3.7M tide grants to Florida State University and Naval Research Laboratory.